'Misconception Series #5: Parapet Design' #FixConstruction

The Misconception Series #5: Parapet Design

7/30/2018

I just reviewed another project from a different architect with the same recurring design misunderstanding. This is isolated to the parapet area of a building. I see this detail dozens of times a year and yes, I’m being Texan polite by calling it a misunderstanding.

The building is an administrative office for a Fortune 100 company. It is of steel stud construction with R-13 batt insulation between the studs, 5/8” exterior gypsum sheathing, an ABAA (Air Barrier Association of America) approved liquid applied air barrier (from Company XXX), 1” of an ABAA evaluated foil faced polyisocyanurate insulation (from Company XXX) and a metal façade. This assembly has an effective R-value of >13, which exceeds code. It is also an ABAA evaluated assembly and completely compliant with the Code Mandated Fire Requirement to NFPA-285, and since the air barrier and insulation were from the same corporation, chemical compatibility issues are avoided.

All is well on the front of the building.

Unfortunately, all is not well on the backside of the parapet.

The detailing of the parapet backside showed steel studs, R-13 batts and 5/8” exterior gypsum sheathing for an effective R-value of about 6.6, at best. Undoubtedly, this area is going to be highly energy inefficient and it will have a different dew point (the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor) than the front of the building. When the dew point occurs, the condensate will drop straight in to the conditioned space, possibly causing mold and definitely leading to reports of a “roof leak”.

The fix is easy.

Just put 1” of your specified continuous insulation over the top and backside of the parapet and now your entire building has the same thermal envelope, with the same dew point profile on both sides of the building.

The advent of code required effective R-value and the use of continuous insulation has led to certain misunderstandings, but as I said above, there is an easy fix and it is in the paragraph above.

64 Comments

Brian

7/31/2018 08:36:05 am

It doesn’t really help your R value due to the reduced Correction Factor, but you shouldn’t/can’t install R13 in a 6 inch stud due to it not being full cavity depth. You need R19 which gets you R7.03.

Otherwise you’ll get vertical airflow in your stud cavity and sagging insulation.

Better yet, just put 2 or 2.5 inch continuous insulation and forget the batt.

Brian

7/31/2018 09:59:54 am

Oh, and thanks for posting on this topic. Parapets and insulation is one of the more tricky areas to detail in my opinion and one that deserves more attention.

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Roy Schauffele

7/31/2018 12:41:06 pm

Brian, Thanks for your comments. I do agree with you on the simple answer but I need to caution the readers that the very accurate and easy answer also needs to be looked at from the perspective of warranty, fire exposure requirements and wind uplift conditions

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7/31/2018 01:54:44 pm

Excellent piece Roy. I will pass this around the office and go take a look at recent parapet designs to make sure we did not have the same "misunderstanding"

Kenneth W. Donoughue, A.I.A., CSI

7/31/2018 07:48:02 pm

Roy,

Great observation!
Without notes on the detail, it is difficult to assess the multiple other potential water infiltration and compatibility issues in this detail. With additional information, I would be pleased to assist in improving this detail, once the additional information is provided.

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7/10/2026 07:49:38 am

Dexter Berger

7/10/2026 10:11:04 pm

Praise be to the incredible gited Lord Meduza, I've never seen or heard of his lottery spell failing, not even once, and that includes my own experience. Every day, I feel renewed blessings after connecting with the Great Lord Meduza, who gifted me my winning six-digit lottery numbers that won me $740,000,000 million dollars by using his magical skills to foresee the outcome. I'm a dad of four, and it's been a few years since I lost my wife to cancer; I miss her terribly. To wrap things up, I really want to thank Great Meduza for being so good at what he does. His guidance and lessons were applied swiftly and precisely, leading us to the best possible result, which we definitely achieved. You can reach him by email: [email protected] or check out his website at ( lordmeduzatemple.com ) for more information. May you stay blessed and know you're in good hands with Lord Meduza.

Joe Byerley

7/13/2026 09:54:39 am

Don't Lose Hope: How I Recovered My Scammed Crypto I want to share my experience in hopes it helps someone else avoid what I went through or find a way forward if it's already happened. I lost €240,000 to a crypto investment scam. At first, everything seemed legitimate and convincing, which is how they got me to commit such a large amount. It wasn't until later that I realized the entire setup was fake, and I had been completely scammed. During that difficult time, I came across a testimonial about TREK Tech Corp and how they assist people in recovering lost funds and digital assets. I decided to reach out to them, and that turned out to be the right move for me. After contacting their team, they worked quickly and professionally, and I was able to recover my funds in less than 15 hours. If you're going through something similar, I strongly recommend reaching out to TREK Tech Corp. They were responsive, knowledgeable, and very helpful throughout the entire process. Contact details: e-Mail: [email protected]

cameron finney

7/17/2026 12:58:22 pm

I am sharing this testimony to reach every lottery enthusiast in the world who is looking for a real breakthrough. For a long time, I was just another person playing the Powerball and Mega millions with no results, feeling the system was rigged against me. Everything changed when I came in contact with Dr Marcus. I found out that nothing beats the direct, personalised intervention of Dr Marcus. His methods are undeniable. He provided the specific numbers, and the winning energy I needed. to finally see a life-changing result. With his help, I am no longer just a player, I am a winner of $20,000,000. If you have been waiting for your big moment, take this as your sign of becoming a winner soon. Dr Marcus is the real deal, this isn't about luck, the spell is real thank you, Dr Marcus, for making my dreams a reality. Because of him I went from just dreaming about a jackpot to actually experiencing a total financial turnaround in 2026. If you are tired of losing, reach out to Dr. Marcus. He is the bridge to the life you;ve been dreaming of. reach him drmacusspellcaster@gmail. com or whatsapp [+234 8110492028]

Laura Benson

7/19/2026 02:15:14 am

Imagine becoming vastly wealthy overnight. Being a winner of a multi-million-dollar lottery is certainly a life-changing event for almost every single lottery winner. My name is Laura Benson from Chicopee, Massachusetts, the famous PowerBall lottery winner of $758 million (£591m) in 2017. I know many people would wonder how I had won the lottery. Would you believe me if I told you that I did it with spell casting? I met this famous spell caster known as Dr Isa, and he was the one who did it for me. As shocking as it was to me, I also want to encourage all those who need help to try their luck with Dr. Isa, who helped me win the lottery. I believe you’re still going to win with his help, too, just like he did for me. WhatsApp: +2347046030096 Email: [email protected] Website: https://drisaspellcaster.wixsite.com/dr-isa

Becca Wood

7/20/2026 06:21:29 pm

I'm wishing good fortune to everyone who comes across this comment! I went bankrupt last year due to failed business ideas. I used to enjoy playing the lottery for fun but as my situation worsened financially, I sought help to win big this time and found a man called MEDUZA, who has assisted numerous individuals worldwide with their financial issues. This man prepared a powerful spell for me that enabled him to get the secrete lucky numbers for me, I played the game with the numbers and to my astonishment, I discovered that I had won $259 million Jackpot after 2 weeks just has he said. Today, I’m now free of debt and I own different investments globally. Without Meduza, I wouldn’t have made it through the tough times I experienced last year. Truly, MEDUZA is a divine presence among us. If you are currently struggling in aspect of your life reach out to MEDUZA through the below information's.
Whats-App: +1 807-798-3042
Email: [email protected]
Website: lordmeduzatemple.com

Leonard Timberland

7/24/2026 07:37:47 pm

To become a lottery winner, one must first achieve spiritual enlightenment focused on positivity. I consider myself fortunate to have won a staggering $750,000,000 after connecting with a spell expert named Lord Meduza. He is incredibly sincere, and honest about their work. He opened my eyes to the concept of spirituality. When I expressed my desire to win the Mega Million, he informed me that it wasn’t in my destiny to win that but rather I am meant to win the Powerball instead, which I agreed to. After 2 weeks of intense spiritual work, I received the numbers from him and I followed his instructions to play them resulting in a $750,000,000 win on the Powerball lottery. Beware of those fraudulent spell experts who claim to have knowledge about spells but actually they know nothing. Lord Meduza is the ultimate choice for obtaining your lottery winning numbers. You can connect with him via
Email: [email protected]
Whats_App +1 807 798-3042
Website: lordmeduzatemple.com

Michael J Weirsky

8/6/2026 06:11:48 am

Hello people, I want to share my testimony with all of you. I have daily 9 to 5 jobs but while I work, I try my luck at playing instant Lotto. On this particular day, I decided to seek help online regarding tips for winning the lottery and I saw many individuals testifying about Meduza spells. I reached out to him and informed him that I needed help to win the lottery and he clarified the process to me stating that after he casts the spell, it will take 48 hours for him to provide me the winning numbers which I accepted. I followed all his instructions and he provided me with the numbers to enter the Lottery. After the draw the following morning, I received a notification on the Lottery app on my phone indicating that I was the lucky winner of $273 million on the New Jersey Lottery and I'm here to extend my heartfelt gratitude to Meduza. If you seek for help in any aspect of your life, Whats - App +1 (807) 798-3042 or Email: [email protected] or visit: lordmeduzatemple.com

Jacob Binitha

8/7/2026 03:20:57 pm

How he has helped me in curing my sickness and bringing happiness into my life. I can really vouch for DR AGBOMIAN SUNDAY, In herbal treatment. I was suffering from Cervical Cancer and infected with HPV. I used to have unusual vaginal bleeding and painful urination. There was nothing I could do until a childhood friend introduced me to Dr. Agbomian Sunday Herbal Remedies. I spoke with him and ordered his recommended medication which was delivered to me through DHL. Immediately I began using herbal medicine, and within a week I couldn't feel any pain. It took me 2 weeks to finish the medicine and afterwards I was completely cured. I highly recommend that you order your herbal medication through. [email protected]

Vanessa Craig

8/12/2026 08:36:02 pm

Good day sir/madam, I'm Vanessa Craig and it’s a lovely morning here. I am writing this article to inform everyone that just because we overlook certain information due to our lack of knowledge doesn’t mean it isn’t real. I am currently valued at more than £70 Million Pounds because I acknowledged this vital information. I had assistance from a man named Meduza I found online whose impressive testimonials about his spell work are legit and genuine. His lottery spell enabled me to win £65 Million Pounds in the lottery by providing me with the accurate winning numbers after he performed a lottery spell for me. I placed my full trust in him and followed his instructions without any hesitation and right now, I am proud to say that Meduza’s spiritual advice for winning the lottery is superb and outstanding. I am very grateful to him for his help. To learn more reach out to him via

Whats_App +1 807 798-3042
Email: [email protected]
Website: lordmeduzaspelltemple.com

Gary Van

8/17/2026 02:13:15 am

Hello everyone am Gary Van I want to use this medium to appreciate a great spell caster called Dr Ogaga that transformed my life financially, I used to work as driver in a company and I always play lotto but I have never been lucky, then one day as I was glancing through the Internet I came across a testimony of a woman who won $600million through the help of a strong spell caster called Dr Ogaga after praying for her he gave her a lucky numbers to play and she won 600,000,000$ I also decided to try my luck I contacted the Dr Ogaga and he promise he was going to help me win too I didn't actually believed 100% but on the second thought I decided to give it a try He instructed me on what I need to do which I did with no stress at all, then after two day he sent me some numbers and asked me to go and play them I went strait to the store and play the numbers then I went back to check when the results were out, behold my numbers came out as the winning numbers it was like a dream to me, even till now I still fined it difficult to believe that I am now a millionaire from being a driver to being a millionaire all thank to Dr Ogaga I will never forget your help, if you are out there and you also want to be a winner I will advice you to also contact Dr Ogaga and I promise you he will not disappoint you at all. Here are his contacts. Email [email protected]
WhatsApp +1(365)350-5955.

Gary Van

8/17/2026 02:13:31 am

Justin Simporios

8/18/2026 09:49:57 am

My name is Justin Simporios from Canada. My daughter was unable to walk for several months after an accident that required her to have surgery. Because I haven't won the Lotto I've been playing for so long, I haven't been able to pay for the surgery. A friend online recommended Lord Meduza to me and he deserves a really, really big THANK YOU. This man chose to help me with a lottery spell and he gave me the precise numbers to play the Canada Lotto Max Lottery. After two weeks, I was proclaimed the winner of $80 MILLION DOLLARS. Now, my daughter will be able to walk once more after so much time as her surgery is now completely funded. My victory marks the biggest win for a single ticket in Lotto Max history in Canada. I still can't believe it, Indeed there's none like Lord Meduza. Although if you want your EX LOVER back, he can help you too so get in touch with him right now.
Email: [email protected]
Whats-App: +1 (807) 798‑3042
Website: lordmeduzaspelltemple.com

Amanda Bella

8/19/2026 09:17:02 am

Good luck to anyone reading this true life story of mine, I Was Diagnosed With type 2 Herpes Virus Last year, And I Was Looking For Solution To Be Cured Luckily I Saw Testimonies On How Dr OYAGU Cure Herpes Virus I Decided To Contact Dr OYAGU I Contacted Him He Prepared A Herbal Medicine Portion And Sent It To Me, I Started The Herbal Medicine For My Health. He Gave Me Step By Step Instructions On How To Apply It, When I Applied It As Instructed, I Was Cured Of This Deadly Herpes Within 2 weeks, I Am Now Herpes Negative. My Brother And Sister I No That There Are So Many People That Have The Same Herpes Virus Please contact Dr OYAGU To Help You Too, And Help Me To Thank Dr OYAGU For Cure Me, I’m Cured By Dr. OYAGU Herbal Medicine, His Contact Email:[email protected] or visit his website https://oyaguspellcaster.wixsite.com/oyaguherbalhome Or Cell WhatsApp Number +2348101755322 thank you

Susan Henry

8/20/2026 08:28:53 am

HOW I WON 1million dollars WITH Drherry LOTTERY SPELL AND MY LIFE CHANGED: I’m a 38-year-old from Chicago and I just won $1 million in the lottery. Life was really hard before this and I was constantly struggling to pay my bills. While searching online for ways to turn things around, I came across stories of people saying that Drherry helped them win the lottery. I was curious and decided to give it a try. I reached out to him and he responded quickly. He told me what was needed to cast a lottery spell. After the spell was done, he gave me numbers to play. I used OLG’s Never Miss a Draw subscription and a few days later, I got a call saying I had won $1 million. I was completely shocked and overwhelmed with emotion. I never believed something like this could happen to me. I am truly grateful to Drherry for this incredible blessing. You can contact him via WhatsApp: Message Dr Herry on WhatsApp. https://wa.me/message/3C6ZDDGHSXBAE1. [email protected]

Christine Schiler

8/20/2026 01:39:17 pm

Ever since and i my husband met, I have always done my best to do right by him and be by his side. After some years of being married to him, trouble kept looming and unknown to me, much people around him never wanted us together. At first, my husband was tolerant and understanding but when we had our second child, everything changed. I found out that there is a family close to his that wanted him married to their daughter. He was in a mess and out rightly making moves to end our marriage. I knew from here I needed help to save my marriage with him. I wasn’t ready to be a single parent. Dr Isikolo came in and helped me. He bonded my husband and I together forever and also ensured the plans both families had to ruin my home, never worked out. I will thank him as long as I live. The good thing about his works is that the results always starts manifesting after two days and it never fails. I am sure and honest that Dr Isikolo can savage any situation and help you with whatever problems you are having that needs to be fixed. Text him on WhatsApp via +2348133261196 or visit his webpage: https://isikolo-temple.com

Celta Vallecano

8/21/2026 06:03:39 am

I’m at a loss for how to express this. My sister welcomed twin daughters in July and I found myself in a difficult financial and emotional state. I am known as Celta Vallecano and during my quest to find quick cash, I came across an advertisement claiming that Lord Meduza provides precise numbers to those genuinely selected for freedom from financial struggles through his genuine spell. I felt compelled to take a chance, and ever since reaching out to Lord Meduza, my life has significantly improved.

As I write this, I am now a winner of €221 Million Euros after adhering to all the guidance and utilizing the MEGA MILLIONS numbers provided by Lord Meduza. I want to express my high gratitude for the fact that assistance is indeed possible to get regardless of how difficult your circumstances may seem. I highly recommend him in case you require any assistance. Simply Whats--App +1 8077983042 or Email: [email protected] and for more inquiring visit: lordmeduzaspelltemple.com

Margaret Moller

8/21/2026 04:43:23 pm

Hello viewers, am here to share my amazing testimony with you all about a great spell caster called Dr Ogaga I have never seen a powerful spell caster like him before, I have been playing lotto for years now and I have never won any reasonable amount of money, I met Dr Ogaga online through a testimony I saw on line about a man who won $11,000,000 through Dr Ogagas help and i also decided to contact him to see if I could also be lucky, I contacted him and he assured me that he will help me win too and that he has helped a lot of people all over the world, at first I was a bit skeptical about it but I decided to give it a try anyways since I have nothing to loos, he instructed me on what I needed to do which I did without and stress at all and on the second day after the prayers he sent me some numbers and asked me to go and play them I quickly went to the store and play the number and the next result day I went to check, WOW I couldn't believe my eye the exact numbers he gave me was the winning numbers that was on the machine that was how I became a millionaire just like that, I can never stop sharing this testimony for all to see, my friends if you happen to come across this post make sure you contact him too and be the next winner.
Email ogagaodia41@gmail. com
WhatsApp +1(365)350-5955.

Bianca Walters

8/22/2026 02:38:36 pm

I was still in college when I met my fiancé. We dated for quite a long time and cohabited and our relationship was approved by our parents. We got along and everything was perfect. He traveled out for some training and since then everything never became good for us again. He was seeing a lady over there and he tends to have committed much to what they shared and left me out the picture. I did all I can to fix the problem but nothing worked until I heard about Dr Isikolo. I contacted him and explained what I was going through and he promised to help which he did as promised. I complied with the instructions he gave me and he fixed the problem I had with my fiancé and now he’s back to me and we are getting married in a month. All thanks to Dr Isikolo. Contact him now if you need any help. webpage: https://isikolo-temple.com or text him on WhatsApp via +234-8133261196

Olivia Brett

8/23/2026 11:44:08 am

After I and my husband got married, we relocated to another city and we both got jobs and started working and living together happily. We never had any problems until a colleague of his started doing all she can to get my husband’s attention. I never knew all along what was going until he started sleeping out and making excuses. Things got out of control and he eventually stopped attending to my needs. I knew at that point I needed help so I contacted Dr Isikolo and explained everything to him. He told me all that has been going and promised to fix the problems for me which he did. He cast a love reunion spell for me which reunited i and my husband and he started being the man I always loved him to be just after 48 hours Dr Isikolo worked for me. We are both happy now and it would not have been possible if not for Dr Isikolo. Contact him if you need any help. His website: https://isikolo-temple.com or text him on WhatsApp via +2348133261196

Susan Henry

8/23/2026 05:22:39 pm

I WILL FOREVER BE GRATEFUL TO YOU DR Herry FOR WHAT YOU DONE FOR ME, I WIN POWERBALL LOTTERY Hi, I'm William Smith, living in Dallas,Texas. I came across many testimonies on net testifying of DR. Herry a voodoo spell caster that will help you cast a LOTTERY spell and give you the rightful numbers to win the lottery, i didn't believe it, at first but as life got badder i decided to take a try, now my try has made me a million dollars, i have been playing all types of lottery since 2 years now but i have not win up to $30,000, after contacting DR. Herry cast the lottery spell and gave me the hot figures. Behold, I won $230,000,000,00. Now I am a living testimony of the good work of DR HERRY. A gifted man with great powers, it is my secret but I decided to make the world aware of it as it might be a help to any one who is interested, this happened last week,you are free to contact DR. Herry via Email: [email protected] or contact his whatsapp Message Dr Herry on WhatsApp. https://wa.me/message/3C6ZDDGHSXBAE1

Ferdinand Witter

8/27/2026 12:04:52 pm

The marital crisis I was going through came to and end when Dr Isikolo got involved. Just like every other couples out there, we had our differences and I ensure I did my best to lead her right, provide for her and my kids and also protected them. We both made sacrifices to ensure we survived the union until she started acting up and deliberately had so many fights with me. The home became unpleasant for everyone else including my children. She was being manipulated by a friend who had been divorced and wanted to also ruin my marriage. I had to contact Dr Isikolo and he responded and did his best to end the issues. He restored the love and connection between us and I can tell now that whatever illusion my wife was under has been taking away and she is a better woman now. The result of what Dr Isikolo did for me that manifested after two days was what amazed me. I and my household remain grateful. I appeal to anyone who needs help to fix their relationships and marital problems to contact Dr Isikolo because the solution is sure. His page: https://isikolo-temple.com or text him on WhatsApp via +2348133261196

Margaret Moller

8/28/2026 04:12:44 am

Dexter Berger

8/29/2026 08:39:08 am

Praise be to the incredible gifted Lord Meduza, I've never seen or heard of his lottery spell failing, not even once, and that includes my own experience. Every day, I feel renewed blessings after connecting with the Great Lord Meduza, who gifted me my winning six-digit lottery numbers that won me $740,000,000 million dollars by using his magical skills to foresee the outcome. I'm a dad of four, and it's been a few years since I lost my wife to cancer; I miss her terribly. To wrap things up, I really want to thank Great Meduza for being so good at what he does. His guidance and lessons were applied swiftly and precisely, leading us to the best possible result, which we definitely achieved. May you stay blessed and know you're in good hands with Lord Meduza..

You can reach him by email: [email protected] or Call/Whats__App +1 807 798-3042. Check out his website for more information at: lordmeduzaspelltemple.com

Margaret Moller

9/1/2026 04:04:07 am

Becca Wood

9/2/2026 09:03:45 pm

I'm wishing good fortune to everyone who comes across this comment! I went bankrupt last year due to failed business ideas. I used to enjoy playing the lottery for fun but as my situation worsened financially I sought help to win big this time and found a man called MEDUZA, who has assisted numerous individuals worldwide with their financial issues. This man prepared a powerful spell for me that enabled him to get the secrete lucky numbers for me I played the game with the numbers and to my astonishment I discovered that I had won $259 million Jackpot after 2 weeks just has he said; Today, I’m now free of debt and I own different investments globally. Without Meduza I wouldn’t have made it through the tough times I experienced last year. Truly, MEDUZA is a divine presence among us. If you are currently struggling in aspect of your life reach out to MEDUZA through the below information.
Whats-App: +1 (807) 798-3042
Email: [email protected]
Website: lordmeduzaspelltemple.com

Gary Van

9/5/2026 12:11:27 am

The Misconception Series #5: Parapet Design

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